![]() ![]() Note that many children may and will learn to produce these sounds correctly earlier. Here is a quick look at sounds and ages at which 85% of the kids master them. Stopping is substituting a stop consonant for a fricative, liquid, nasal, or glide (Zoo = doo, chair = tair, shoe = too)įor a complete list of the phonological processes, their descriptions, and ages by which they should disappear go to Gliding is substituting /w/ or /j/ for another consonant (Run=wun, Lego=yego) Reduplication is repeating phonemes or syllables (Water = wawa)Ĭluster reduction is omitting one or more consonants in a sequence of consonants (Clean = keen) Unstressed syllable deletion is omitting a weak syllable (banana = nana)įinal consonant deletion is omitting a consonant at the end of a word (Cat=ca)įronting is substituting a front sound for a back sound (Can = tan) Here are some (but not all) examples of phonological processes and ages by which they are expected to be eliminated: By the age of 4, strangers should understand most of what the child is saying (90-100%).By the age of 3, 90-100% of what a child is saying should be completely intelligible to the parents, and 75% - to strangers.By the 2nd birthday, parents should understand at least 50% of what their toddler is saying.Here is a guide to speech intelligibility (how clear a child’s speech is to others): Many of the phonological processes disappear by the age of three, and all of them are expected to resolve by the age of 5.Ī typically developing 4-year-old is fully intelligible, but still makes some speech sound errors. When your toddler says “tup” instead of “cup”, she is using a phonological process of fronting, when a child says “cap” instead of “clap”, he is using cluster reduction, and when you hear “too” instead of “shoe”, you hear stopping.Īs children mature, their mastery of language increases, phonological processes gradually disappear, and the young child’s speech becomes clearer and more adult-like. All kids use phonological processes as they begin to speak. Most of the times the mistakes in the young children’s’ speech are not random and follow the certain predictable patterns, which are called Phonological Processes. They just cannot put correct sounds in correct places in words and sentences yet. They do this because their young brains, lips, and tongues are not mature enough to process and produce adult-sounding speech. Today, let’s talk about speech and sound development.Īs very young children learn to speak, they simplify the adult speech. My friends with young children often ask me to listen to their kids’ speech: “Anna doesn’t say /r/”, “Matthew says “top” instead of “stop”. ![]()
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